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Rosh Hashana - 5780 Day 1 "Fear Factor"


Fear Factor- Rosh Hashanah 5780
Rabbi Shaanan Gelman and Rabbi Ariel Rackovsky 
Picture the scene: At noon on Shabbos, a bus alights on the corner of Church and Crawford. The bus disgorges its passengers, each one armed with a cell phone, snapping photos furiously of the latest shiny curiosity.  You wonder at first what is it that they are photographing?  What can be so intriguing about this nondescript street corner?  And then it hits you - they are staring at us and photographing, because we are observant Jews.  “Look at them in their prayer shawls,” they exclaim. “How can they walk in this heat?” and “Look how many children these people have!” This sounds outlandish and dystopian, but that’s only because it’s not happening here. But it is happening elsewhere, every day, several times a day. Tourists readily pay $55 to gawk and observe Chassidic Jewish life, partake of a trendy and chic grand tour of New York City, called “The Contrast Tour.”[1] On this whirlwind expedition, you will drink in the diversity of the City that Never Sleeps- from the graffiti laden walls of the South Bronx to the ethnic restaurants of Queens, concluding with a journey to Brooklyn.
We all know that this human safari takes place on the backdrop of a terrifying reality, rapidly spreading around the country. Two Chabad houses set on fire in Massachusetts, a shul incinerated in Minnesota, and a firebomb discovered on the premises of a shul miles away from where we sit in Chicago.  In this past year, dozens of Orthodox Jews have been attacked in the most brutal manner for no reason other than their visible religious identification- and police refuse to categorize these attacks as hate crimes. This is taking place not in Israel and not in the capitals of Europe, where Jews know to hide who they are, but in the very neighborhoods that these tour buses so regularly visit- Boro Park, Crown Heights and Williamsburg. The Jewish map of martyrdom added fresh locations this year; mentions of Poland and Germany, Hebron and Sderot are no longer the only names that cause us to tremble. Now, the mere mention of Pittsburgh and Poway elicit the same reaction.
This past year, the year 5779, may be best defined with one word: פחד- fear. Fear affects every aspect of Jewish communal life; shul budgets inflated by security concerns to entirely new departments established at Federations to address security needs, especially as relates to the rise in antisemitism. Not a soul within our community remains unscathed by this fear; From innocent school children sitting through terrifying videos demonstrating active shooter scenarios; responsible communities devising emergency response plans for those events; community members turning against one another as they debate how best to address these hot button issues. 
This is on top of the traditional concerns which plague our thoughts this time of year - from health for ourselves and our loved ones, to parnassah, to safety in Israel. And yet, with all that on our minds, we are going to turn to God in a few minutes and beg of him ובכן תן פחדך- instill fear within us.  Is there anyone among us who needs to utter these words? Does Avrohom Gopin of Crown Heights, who is recovering from a traumatic head injury when he was beaten with a rock, need to ask for more fear in his life? Is there a Jew anywhere who needs more fear? What we need instead is a little less fear, and in fact, the Talmud gives us a prescription for reducing anxiety associated with the Day of Judgement.

The Sages of Talmudic times supplied us with three surefire indicators of what the coming year will look like[2]:
דכיפורי וניתלי בביתא דלא נשיב זיקא אי משיך נהוריה נידע דמסיק שתיה

Rav Ami says: One who desires to know if he will live through this current year or not should bring a lit candle during those ten days between Rosh HaShana and Yom Kippur and hang it in a house through which wind does not blow, and he should watch it carefully: If its light continues he shall know that he will live out his year.

So, go home tonight, light a candle, place it away from the wind- and see how long it lasts. The symbolism of the candle is self-evident; the book of Proverbs describes the human soul as the candle of God. So why are we not doing this?  Why even bother changing the way we speak and what we do? If the candle remains lit, we have nothing to worry about. And if the candle blows out, we’ll have our work cut out for us on Yom Kippur!

Others feel, perhaps foolishly, that concern about about their mental and physical health or their longevity is of lesser consequence. Instead, they are deeply and understandably preoccupied with financial stability and success. There is a proverb of disputed origin that goes as follows:

אדם דואג על איבוד דמיו, ואינו דואג על איבוד ימיו
דמיו אינם עוזרים, ימיו אינם חוזרים
Man worries about losing his dollars, and not about losing his days;
His dollars will not help, and his days will not return. 

But as much as that statement rings true, financial concerns loom large today. How will I pay tuition for the coming year, and how will I meet our other routine expenses? How will I pay for an upcoming simcha- or, lehavdil, an unforeseen illness? If things have been going well financially, will that continue? Rest assured that the Talmud offers a test for this persistent thought as well.

ומאן דבעי נעביד עיסקי ובעי דנידע אי מצלח עיסקי אי לא נירבי תרנגולא אי שמין ושפר נידע דמצלח

And one who desires to conduct business and wants to know if his business will succeed or not, should raise a rooster. If the rooster gets fat and beautiful, he shall know that the venture will succeed.

The symbolism of the fattened chicken is also clear; it represents prosperity. So, the solution is simple: go home and buy a rooster. Join the ranks of the backyard suburban farmers! Don’t use the chicken for kapparos- in fact, skip kaparos altogether this year! Just fatten up the rooster and see if it becomes zaftig. No market volatility, no job insecurity, no need to argue with your spouse about purchases or major life decisions- we have the best financial litmus test of all.

And lastly, when it comes to all of those terrible fears for our safety- from the harassment to the beatings, from the shootings to the bombings, the Talmud offers us another solution:

האי מאן דבעי ניפוק באורחא ובעי דנידע אי הדר לביתיה ניעול ניקום בביתא דבהתא אם חזי בבואה לבבואה דבבואה נידע דאתי לביתיה ולאו מילתא היא דילמא חלשא דעתיה ומתרע מזליה

One who wishes to leave on a journey and wants to know whether he will return to his home should enter a dark house. If he sees the reflection [bavua] of a reflection of his reflection he shall know that he will return and come to his home.

Here, the shadow represents a person’s essence. If it is present, it means that he still is viable, that he still has an impact upon his world, hence an indication that he will return home safely.  So all you need to do is enter a room and turn off all the lights. If you can still see your silhouette, you are guaranteed a safe journey. No insurance necessary, no security, no tefillas haderech- just the flick of a switch.

It all seems so easy. A life-hack, quite literally.  If we have an opportunity to predict the future, why wouldn’t we seize it? But then the Gemara does an about-face, and tells us that, on second thought, this is all a terrible idea. Judaism is not interested in quick fixes; rather, we are told to embrace our fears and live with uncertainty ובכן תן פחדך - Lord, give me some fear!

If we are asking for fear, it must be a different kind. Not the fear that FDR described when he said
“the only thing we have to fear is...fear itself” ... [3]
But rather, a different kind of fear described by his wife Eleanor:

You gain strength, courage and confidence by every experience in which you really stop to look fear in the face. You are able to say to yourself, 'I have lived through this horror. I can take the next thing that comes along.' You must do the thing you think you cannot do.[4]

In other words, try your very best to do that which scares you.

FDR exhorts us to live fearlessly; Eleanor Roosevelt empowers us to live with fear.

Today’s mantra of seeking safe-spaces, avoiding triggers and micro-aggressions and meditation exercises designed to block out discomfort - these are all designed as avoidance strategies, to numb our senses and dodge that which is painful or frightening.   We are teaching an entire generation that it is healthy and desirable to steer clear of disappointment and heartache.  
Today we pray for fear not because we are a religion of masochists, but because we know that the best of us will emerge when we confront anxiety.  And this is why the Gemara does away with these simanim. 

The question we must ask ourselves on this most fateful day is simple:
When our lives hang in the balance, when we are confronted by all that which haunts us and causes us to lose sleep at night - Will we be safe and secure under the protective blanket of our shadow, watching our candle with great intent and counting the caloric intake of our rooster, or will we rise to live a true life? Will we choose to live a large life or a small one?

Let this not be a year in which we are content with just being “safe.” Surely, we are better than hunkering down and avoiding risk!
As financier John Shedd pointed out:
“A ship in harbor is safe — but that is not what ships are built for.”
We too are built for more.
So if 5779 was the year in which Jews were inundated by fear, then let 5780, תש"פ become a year when we do something audacious which we previously feared.

Perhaps this is the year in which we initiate a reconciliation with a family member, even if fear of rejection or of admitting our own mistakes keeps us from picking up the phone.

Maybe this is the year in which we study Torah with our children.  Certainly, there is the fear that we don’t know enough, that they will be uninterested (or that we are) or that it will turn us into the kind of families that buses stop and photograph. Today, right now, think about a book, or a subject, or a tractate that you can begin in your home on a regular basis.

Maybe this is the year in which we change the way we view shul membership and communal involvement.  Can you imagine a gym in which people pay significant sums annually and then show up for an hour a week, play around with a machine or two, go on the treadmill for a few minutes and then stand in the hallway and talk to their friends for the duration? Or they don’t go into the gym at all, and instead go directly for the cafe.  It is clear then when we join a gym, the more we put in in terms of attendance and effort, the more rewarding the experience will be for us.   Instead of asking, “What am I or my kids getting for my membership dollars,” why not ask, “Am I making the most of my membership dollars?” Our shul is our spiritual gym, and our investment is maximized when our efforts and attendance are as well.  attended the Beit Midrash night and initiated study partnerships? What if we came earlier to davening and stayed for more of it, or volunteered for committees or events? We need to adopt a more audacious attitude, one that encourages us to do that which scares us.
Many of you may recall when Racheli Frenkel, the noted Torah scholar and mother of Naftali hy”d, one of the three boys murdered in the summer of 2014 came to speak in Skokie a few years ago.  In a recent interview, she shared that an American Rabbi came to pay a shiva visit on behalf of his congregation. He mentioned that on the airplane, he and the flight attendant were talking, and the purpose of his visit came out. She was so impressed with this gesture that she told several people sitting nearby. The Rabbi’s seatmate was not observant, but he was powerfully moved and inspired by the Rabbi’s selflessness.  In turn, he too was motivated to take on an intrepid, audacious and uncomfortable commitment. Right there, on that plane, he announced that he planned on putting on Tefillin at the next possible opportunity. He added that it would be the first time he would do so since his bar mitzvah.
Across the aisle, a Satmar chassid overheard the entire conversation. Mind you, Satmar Chassidim are not known for outreach to those who are not observant, and Tefillin campaigns are usually associated with other groups. However, when he heard this, he said, “Please give me your address; I will have Tefillin delivered to your home[5].” When the Rabbi came to the shiva, he related this extraordinary chain of events, and told Mrs. Frenkel that the Hebrew name Naftali- which means triumph through struggle - is an anagram of the word Tefillin. It had never occurred to her that this was the case. In my grief, her next thought was, ‘Wow, he never missed a day of tefillin!’

That’s the thing about Jewish courage, what the chassidic masters call azus dekedusha, holy courage - it is contagious, and spreads virtue in its wake.  Tenacity in the face of fear and apathy is what fuels the heart of the Jew.  Maybe our fear didn’t change the way we live our lives the past year, but this year, God,  תן פחדך - give us opportunities to stare down and grow from our fears, and become the best people we can be.




[2] Kareisos 5b-6a
[3] http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5057
[5] https://www.facebook.com/TheLayersProject/posts/1329175150576588

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